Renal Tuberculosis: The Enigma Continues

Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Surgical Enigma

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com infection is the human strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. The organisms reach the gastrointestinal tract through various routes. Haematogenous spread from lungs with later reactivation is the commonest. This is followed by direct ingestion of bacilli in sputum from an active pulmonary focus or by direct spread from adjacent organs. Isolated affec...

Diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and the mycobacteria: two millenia of enigma.

The thought that tuberculosis and the mycobacteria could cause diabetes seems farfetched, but is not. The peculiar relationship and frequent association of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis has been observed for more than 2000 years, yet the reason for this correlation is, to this day, not known. Before the discovery of insulin, a diagnosis of diabetes was a death sentence within 5 years, and ...

Assessing renal function – searching for the perfect marker continues!

Serum creatinine, as a marker of renal function, continues to be used in spite of inaccuracies in its measurement as well as interference from other factors. This has resulted in a multitude of formulae for calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). More recently, The National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) and the European Best Practice Guidelines recomme...

The renal papilla: an enigma in damage and repair.

Distal renal tubular acidosis and the potassium enigma.

Severe hypokalemia is a central feature of the classic type of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), both in hereditary and acquired forms. In the past decade, many of the genetic defects associated with the hereditary types of distal RTA have been identified and have been the subject of a number of reviews. These genetic advances have expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that ...